Family Counseling Approach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Family Counseling Approach - Research Paper Example given nearer consideration to a portion of the subtleties and this permitted them to advance the idea of the family into a progressively graphic element where solid steady bonds and long haul jobs and relationship assist individuals with building their lives around (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2013). These connections might possibly be even by blood or by marriage however the way that they include in the general association of the family makes them fundamental. The report in this will take a gander at one of the numerous methodologies that were created as a method of managing this unique circumstance and its perspective dove into to help comprehend its standards and hypotheses. This methodology is the Bowen family frameworks approach or the intergenerational approach. Authored by therapist Murray Bowen, this hypothesis sees the family as a passionate unit and uses the imagery of a systems’ thinking to depict the multifaceted nature of the connections in that. As a family, associations are extreme and for the most part verge on the passionate point of view. Relatives are significantly appended to the other’s contemplations activities and even emotions normally causing it to appear as though they are indeed the very same thing. It is at the family level that youngsters develop learning a portion of the fundamental property, for example, love, belongingness, requirement for consideration and endorsement, and the manner in which individuals respond and bolster each other’s desires and needs and how the absence of these may influence their development later on throughout everyday life (earthy colored, 1999). Notwithstanding, when a portion of these are deficient with regards to, the kid may not comprehend and will develop feeling t hat they way they are was intended to be. Their connections make passionate reliance which is ventured to be a noteworthy factor in the advancement of cohesiveness and participation in the family. It is normal that the family is the main unit that should give all the essential prerequisites, for example, safe house, dress and food just as assurance for its individuals (Guerin et al., 1996). Notwithstanding these desires, any elevated

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Usage of Supply Chain Management Essay Flexibly chain the board is an oversight of procedures while moving merchandise from the phase of client request to the crude material stage and it incorporates the gracefully, creation and appropriation of items to the client. Each association has flexibly chain of various levels, contingent on their size and sort of item they are producing. Their point is to give the client enough data important to give the worth that they request and to pick up the data with respect to the client as well. A definitive objective for any flexibly bind the executives is to diminish its stock. For a fruitful gracefully chain, programming frameworks are furnished with web interfaces to furnish the client with enough data they request. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both extremely famous associations, one known for its food items and the other for athletic footwear, hardware and embellishments for sports and wellness exercises. Both of these associations embraced flexibly chain the board frameworks so as to drop down their inventories and to build their benefit. In any case, them two bombed in accomplishing their target which was to lessen the inventories. The primary mix-up made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they recruited a gracefully chain framework costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel frameworks. The gracefully affix framework should place in information of everything from creation to conveyance. Be that as it may, getting programming from three unique suppliers made unpredicted postponements and complex issues in execution. Additionally, another error made by the association was that they executed the entire framework without a moment's delay rather than in stages. So accordingly they confronted issues in putting in the requests and afterward executing them to distribution center for satisfaction. The issue looked by NIKE, inc. was more unpredictable, as said by 12 advancements showcasing Chief Katrina Roche â€Å"NIKE issues were not attached to the product but rather to the manner in which the product was introduced. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his organization acknowledges the obligation regarding â€Å"not being increasingly forceful in disclosing to them that they expected to follow our execution approach. † (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) 12 advances needed to follow every single little result of NIKE which made the activity increasingly mind boggling and consequently it required some investment more than they had anticipated. The NIKE individuals committed a similar error as Hershey nourishments, that they actualized the framework before they were prepared to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, Patterson, 2005) So generally at beginning stage gracefully chain frameworks were a terrible encounter for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are sure things which on the off chance that the organization would have followed, at that point ideally the things more likely than not been the other route round. Above all else just one flexibly chain framework supplier must be employed for the product, as more than one gracefully chain frameworks for same occupation brings about disappointment. At that point provider’s execution strategy is significant for customer to follow in gracefully chain frameworks particularly when they are adjusted to suit client’s necessity. Progressively over gracefully chain frameworks are exceptionally intricate as they need to follow over quantities of item assortments so thusly it must be actualized in stages as opposed to executing it without a moment's delay. What's more, on the off chance that the organization is changing starting with one framework then onto the next, at that point first the framework ought to be tried so as to check whether it is satisfying the company’s necessities or not. ?

Chinese is similar in many ways to the politeness and respect language Essay

Chinese is comparative from multiple points of view to the good manners and regard language styles of Japanese - Essay Example This manners charms the everyday exercises and adds radiance to discussion. One infers joy to manage such individuals. To place it in useful terms, what does it cost to be generous and amenable conversationalist? State a couple of good words in energy about the person with whom one is managing?- that’s what the Chinese and Japanese appear o accept. Chinese is comparative from numerous points of view to the neighborliness and regard language styles of Japanese. Since language has direct bearing on then social demeanor of both these individuals, an action based examination should be made to legitimize this attestation. Getting Chinese and Japanese language implies understanding their societies and behaviors. We find amazing likenesses among these individuals. Their style of working is indistinguishable in numerous territories and exercises. To refer to a model, the Japanese don’t pour one’s own beverage, if the glass is vacant; as a rule the host will pour it. The Chinese likewise never pour one’s own beverage first. For the most part a toast is made for fellowship, or business. While pouring beverage for everybody, it is ensured, nobody is forgotten about. To overlook somebody is viewed as terrible habits. In any event, when the glass is full, pour a couple of drops in, or give the cup an affectionate gaze, before moving to the following visitor. The Chinese supper comprises of numerous courses; simply test everything in the plate. On the off chance that one purges the plate, the host watches it and he will get more food. Don’t eat the last piece; leave something. Accor ding to the Japanese conventions as well, an unfilled plate implies that one wishes to have more food. At the point when gotten done with eating, leave some food on the plate. Chopsticks have a unique significance for the Chinese just as the Japanese. They are hallowed. The Chinese don’t take the chopstick and use them like forks by sticking into the food. Chopsticks are utilized to get the food. In the picking procedure, on the off chance that you drop a piece, no endeavor is made to get another piece. Continue attempting to pick

Sociological Definition of Degradation Ceremony

Sociological Definition of Degradation Ceremony Verifiably, a corruption function is the procedure by which to bring down a people economic wellbeing inside a gathering or inside society by and large, for the reasons for disgracing that individual for disregarding standards, rules, or laws, and to deliver discipline by removing rights and benefits, just as access to the gathering or society now and again. Debasement Ceremonies in History The absolute most punctual archived types of debasement services are inside military history, and this is a training that despite everything exists today (referred to inside the military as cashiering). At the point when an individual from a military unit abuses the guidelines of the branch, the person might be deprived of rank, maybe even freely by the expulsion of stripes from ones uniform. Doing so brings about a quick downgrade in rank or ejection from the unit. Be that as it may, debasement services take numerous different structures, from the formal and sensational to the casual and inconspicuous. What brings together them is that they all fill a similar need: to bring down a people status and breaking point or disavow their enrollment in a gathering, network, or society. Humanist Harold Garfinkel instituted the term (otherwise called status corruption ceremony)â in the paper Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies, distributed in American Journal of Sociologyâ in 1956. Garfinkel clarified that such procedures will in general follow moral shock after an individual has submitted an infringement, or an apparent infringement, of standards, rules, or laws. In this manner corruption services can be comprehended with regards to the humanism of aberrance. They check and rebuff the degenerate, and during the time spent doing as such, reaffirm the significance and authenticity of the standards, rules, or laws that were damaged (much like different ceremonies, as examined by Émile Durkheim). Commencement Ritual On certain events, corruption functions areâ used to start individuals into complete foundations like mental clinics, detainment facilities, or military units. The motivation behind a function in this setting is to deny individuals of their previous personalities and nobility so as to make them additionally tolerating of outside control. The culprit walk, wherein an individual associated with carrying out criminal acts is openly captured and driven into a squad car or station, is a typical case of this sort of corruption function. Another normal model is the condemning to prison or jail of a blamed criminal in a court for law. In cases like these, capture and condemning, the blamed or indicted loses their way of life as a free resident and is given another and lower criminal/degenerate character that denies them of the societal position they recently delighted in. Simultaneously, their privileges and access to enrollment of society are restricted by their new way of life as a blamed lawbreaker or a convict. Recognize that debasement services can likewise be casual yet very successful. For instance, the demonstration of whore disgracing a young lady or lady, regardless of whether face to face, inside her locale (like a school), or online produces comparable impacts to the conventional kind. Being marked a prostitute by a partner of companions can bring down a young lady or womans societal position and deny her entrance to her friend gathering. This sort of debasement function is the advanced rendition of the Puritans constraining individuals who were thought to have engaged in sexual relations out of union with wear AD (for miscreant) on their garments (the sources of Hawthornes story The Scarlet Letter). Updatedâ by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Absolutism Pros And Cons Essay

The historical backdrop of Absolutism started during the seventeen century during the progress from Feudalism to Capitalism in England and was known as â€Å"The Divine Right of Kings† England was encountering a total oust of their government and its substitution was first by a Republic and afterward by another and debilitated government. For England, toward the finish of the seventeen century they would see the disintegration of the monarch’s controls in the â€Å"Glorious Revolution†. Absolutism was a type of government where the decision rulers were liable for God and power was epitomized in the King as it were. In spite of the endeavors by the Kings in England their concept of Absolutism didn’t hit its full force as it did when King Louis XIV of France took the honored position. I trust I share a similar assessment of most of individuals all through this nation and even worldwide that there are a bigger number of cons and shortcomings of Absolutism tha n there are masters and qualities. I will begin with the cons and shortcomings. In all reality the idea that one man, a solitary â€Å"leader† could have this force put into him with a solitary view on the whole country’s individual decisions, strict convictions, way of life decisions, culture and virtues is past crazy and a type of bondage in the event that you ask me. His perspectives are not imparted to the whole nation and for a solitary individual to be in charge of them everything is upsetting too much. These rulers were perceived as France’s incomparable lawmakers, agents, judicators and leader of the whole nation. As it were, the appointed authority, legal counselors and jury! I would state that is a significant â€Å"con† in that spot! Absolutism doesn’t consider and even disproved any chronicled improvements during the logical unrest during the Enlightenment time. It likewise exposes science hypotheses, new thoughts on creation, ethics speculations, individual family esteem s, singular ways of life and developmental nature of humankind when all is said in done. It additionally needs social contrasts and a large number of the rulers appeared to be bigoted to any social assorted variety. Another shortcoming is that Absolutism fundamentally overlooks the conditions where moral decisions are made and in today’s world in the twentieth and 21st hundreds of years those are the very opportunities and freedoms we have as Americans. It’s a bad dream thinking back in history and finding out about these well off, childish and avaricious boisterous men being the lords and leaders of a whole nation. Extremely one â€Å"mind† and â€Å"theory† for all? Thank heavens for the Enlightenment time when the shrewd, taught and ethically solid men adapted to the situation to change the world in which they lived in from the dull ages into the â€Å"light† known as the Enlightenment time frame! The last â€Å"con† of Absolutism that is likely the most hazardous to their general public was the way that there was no Democrati c authenticity on the grounds that the pioneer was not chosen by the individuals he acquired the situation by either a family dying or given to them by a resigning lord. So any risk and responsibility is inadequate with regards to with regards to a terrible decision by a wasteful dictator of a ruler. A few models incorporate religion convictions and emasculation to the non-adherents and supporters, a hurry to judgment for a wrongdoing the charged probably won't have submitted with their â€Å"eye for an eye† viewpoint of savage disciplines on the grounds that recollect there was no preliminaries, legal hearers and their â€Å"government† came up short on that freedom to protect yourself and express your genuine thoughts in that period. It was an extraordinary crossroads in history when Absolutism hit its time span of usability with the age of the Enlightenment on the ascent with an increasingly modernized perspective. The aces and qualities were difficult to assemble however taking my one-sided cap off for a second I can open my psyche to different people’s sentiments and various perspectives on Absolutism†¦.I surmise. Absolutism can give a fixed moral code which gives clear good decisions in circumstances where there is a requirement for moral direction . Their thoughts are that ethical quality isn’t dependent on individual or gathering inclinations but instead on supreme and widespread qualities. A few people feel it’s better to follow at that point to lead and it permits various social orders to share normal qualities. It could bring steadiness and a progressively respectful society when everybody follows a similar ruler, regardless of whether they concur with it or not, the ruler sets clear and straightforward guidelines which would any stay away from clashes, contradictions and any close to home inclinations since alternatives and outcomes are not considered. This would be to some degree advantageous with regards to choices on war since choices are reached and executed rapidly, as there is a no discussion and organization included. There is a feeling of equity inside the legislature in light of the fact that similar standards apply to everybody in each circumstance. All in all, it is good judgment that having an Absolute government over a Democracy is totally crazy. We have progressed significantly from the dull ages into the time of the Enlightenment, the Scientific and American transformations, alongside the final product of a solid U.S. Constitution and Bills of Rights that is currently the establishment to our country’s common freedoms and opportunities we highly esteem and are exceptionally appreciative to have.

Irans Nuclear Weapon and Negotiation with America - 5500 Words

Iran's Nuclear Weapon and Negotiation with America (Research Paper Sample) Content: Iran Nuclear Weapons and Negotiations with AmericaStudents Name Institutional Affiliation AbstractIran and their nuclear weapons has been a major discussion in the last one decade. This research paper makes an effort to enlighten the reader on the history of the Iran nuclear program. In addition, the paper looks at the responses by the current and the previous leaders in respect to the nuclear programs. It deals with the consequences of the nuclear program on the Iranian population and its government as well as the interactions with other countries on the issue. It gives focus on negotiations between the Iranian and United States governments to ensure that the reader gets a complete understanding of the current nuclear issues and situation. IntroductionThe international interest on Iran heightened drastically due to the revelation made by an Iranian resistance group member who was in exile in the wake of 2002. In less than a year later, word broke out to the internati onal community that Iran was having a major project that would assist them to produced enriched uranium. The enriched uranium was to be used to fuel nuclear reactors and generate nuclear weapons. A uranium mine in Saghand was one major location that was identified while a pilot plant for uranium enrichment was located at Natanz. The Iranian government had planned to build a water reactor that stood at 40 Megawatts at a plant in Ark. The Iranian government had successfully concealed their nuclear projects from the international atomic energy agency for a considerable amount of time. Thus, the revelations that came into place in 2003 on the locations were not received well by the international community. Iran has continuously argued that their nuclear programs are both legal and authorized through its membership in the non-proliferation treaty (NPT). They have also argued that their nuclear program is benign asserting that the treaty gives its members the authority to develop nuclear energy and constricts it to peaceful purposes. On the other hand, the United States differs and questions the intent of nuclear energy in Iran. The United States insists that Iran do not need nuclear energy and are concealing the development of nuclear weapons. United States has asserted their position by adding that Iran has sufficient gas and oil reserves and that they would have to incur numerous costs if they were to use nuclear energy as opposed to petroleum. In 2003, the United States government under George W Bush started their firm positions that America and its allies would not support the development of nuclear weapons by Iran. The American government 11 years later still holds the same stand. This paper discusses the nuclear weapons on Iran and its negotiations with America. The Iranian Nuclear HistoryThe development of nuclear energy in Iran is believed to date back to the 1970s. According to International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] (2009), Iran started its nuclear re search projects and education in their universities as early as 1970. The research had been centered on reactors supplied by the United States that had been in operation since 1967 and started with 5 Megawatts. In mid-1970s, Iran launched programs on nuclear energy. In 1974 was a scientist by the name Shah had a breakthrough producing 23,000 Megawatts of power in form of electricity through the use of nuclear power stations, a process that took twenty years to set the nuclear goals in track for the country. Iran decided to commercialize their efforts and was able to seal deals with the then West Germany and France to develop 1,200 and 900 Megawatts reactors respectively. During the same year, the Iranian government is reported to have invested $1 billion on a uranium plant in France that was the property of a Euro Pen Consortium, Eurodif (Khan, 2010). The war between Iraq and Iran that occurred in 1979 stopped the nuclear research projects. The resources of the Iranians had been d epleted due to the war and their nuclear infrastructure had been destroyed by several bombings to the power reactor plants. President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani revived the nuclear projects in Iran during the late 1980s. Iran had recovered from its war with Iraq by 1990 and was able to revive their nuclear projects and secure the support of countries such as Russia, Pakistan and China. Despite signing deals with these three countries, some of the procured materials were never delivered due to mounting pressure from the United States. Russia and China continued to sponsor and support the Iranian projects in acquiring uranium enriched technology from a Pakistani scientist, Khan, in the black market (IAEA, 2009). This ensured that Iran would make significant progress by the 21st century.In the year 2003, it became clearly evident that Iran was involved in nuclear projects, and had already mastered the technology required for enriching uranium. Due to the violations made with the Internat ional Atomic Energy Agency, they were required to disclose information on their projects and it was published alongside with the agency's report on their investigation. In September of the same year, the agency discovered thatIran had already produced a radioisotope known as polonium 20 which has 138 days half-life. Iran defended their action by asserting that their experiment was on the study of sources of neurons although they unable to provide documented evidence on the research project (IAEA, 2009). It was further speculated that Russia had provided Iran with deuterium gas as they are unable to produce the gas domestically. Iran and Russia are believed to have entered into an agreement that allowed Iranian middlemen negotiate the sale of this gas with Russian companies. The significance of these compounds is that they are able to provide isotopes of hydrogen that fuse in thermonuclear explosions to produce both energy and neutrons (Nazemroaya, 2012).The intentions of Iran have l ed to a number of suspicions in feeding the need to acquire knowledge on nuclear energy and weapons. In addition, the suspicions are furthered by the failure of Iran to cooperate with the atomic agency. In 2008, the agency tabled a report that gave damaging evidence that Iran had engaged in nuclear weapons related activities. The Iran government has rejected the documentation terming it as fake and has declined to assist the agency in carrying out the investigations that followed the report. The Iranian government prevented the agency from questioning the former leader at the research center for physics. They have alleged that he is a military official and is directly in charge of the nuclear efforts made by Iran. The report also showed the existence of an Iranian company that deals with conversion of uranium and contacts with designers of missile reentry inner cores. The inner core designs are for devices that would accommodate nuclear warheads, although they did not have clear ev idence to support this allegation. The culmination of these issues led to a lot of mistrust between the American and the Iranian government since 2002 (Sherrill, 2012).Sanctions on Iran Iran is not new to sanctions being employed on them by the international community, especially America and its allies. The history of sanctions on Iran is dated dates back in 1979, immediately after the revolution. America sanctioned imports of crude oil from Iran into their country. Later, the sanction mutated to include all Iranians products as well as the 1980s embargo of exports from United States of America. During the Clinton administration in the 1990s, America enacted the Libya Iran sanctions so as the US could not make any investments in Iranian energy. The implications of this particular sanction were that any country that decided to trade with Iran would only pay Iran in their currency and not through the US dollar. Sanctions have disastrous effects on the economy of the affected countrie s and Iran has suffered a great deal over the last couple of decades due to the sanctions imposed on their economy (Sherrill, 2012). In addition, the sanctions have restricted Iran from trading directly at the world markets that often use the United States dollar. The sanctions ensure that the country does not have any supply of the dollar and they are at crippling the economy of a country. The sanctions are as a form of punishment to the country and countries served with them have to change their behavior in order to survive. Iran has been defiant and refuses to change its direction, perception and response to the nuclear weapons (Abdo, 2014).As a result, the sanctions have affected the Iranian economy and the former president Mohammed Ahmadi Nejad, at one particular time termed the sanctions as absurd behavior." Despite this, the government has not changed their stand on nuclear weapons. The economy of the country has been the worst hit by the sanctions that were placed more than 2-3 decades ago. The Iranian economy faces major challenges as it continues to deteriorate. The main challenges which have been in existence for a good number of years have been escalating including unemployment, inflation, depreciation of the currency and abolition of subsidies schemes.Unemployment is a major issue affecting the Iranian people. Since there is no development, there are no jobs. As the population continues to mature, they find that they do not have jobs because no new jobs are availed. The situation becomes worse when the elders and the youth are both competing for the same jobs. Due to their lack of expertise and experience, the youth end up being locked out and are when the employees become old, senile and redundant.Secondly, the currency has faced a major blow due to inflation. The inflation rate continues to rise by over 15 percent annually. Since the currency is not stable, the eco... Iran's Nuclear Weapon and Negotiation with America - 5500 Words Iran's Nuclear Weapon and Negotiation with America (Research Paper Sample) Content: Iran Nuclear Weapons and Negotiations with AmericaStudents Name Institutional Affiliation AbstractIran and their nuclear weapons has been a major discussion in the last one decade. This research paper makes an effort to enlighten the reader on the history of the Iran nuclear program. In addition, the paper looks at the responses by the current and the previous leaders in respect to the nuclear programs. It deals with the consequences of the nuclear program on the Iranian population and its government as well as the interactions with other countries on the issue. It gives focus on negotiations between the Iranian and United States governments to ensure that the reader gets a complete understanding of the current nuclear issues and situation. IntroductionThe international interest on Iran heightened drastically due to the revelation made by an Iranian resistance group member who was in exile in the wake of 2002. In less than a year later, word broke out to the internati onal community that Iran was having a major project that would assist them to produced enriched uranium. The enriched uranium was to be used to fuel nuclear reactors and generate nuclear weapons. A uranium mine in Saghand was one major location that was identified while a pilot plant for uranium enrichment was located at Natanz. The Iranian government had planned to build a water reactor that stood at 40 Megawatts at a plant in Ark. The Iranian government had successfully concealed their nuclear projects from the international atomic energy agency for a considerable amount of time. Thus, the revelations that came into place in 2003 on the locations were not received well by the international community. Iran has continuously argued that their nuclear programs are both legal and authorized through its membership in the non-proliferation treaty (NPT). They have also argued that their nuclear program is benign asserting that the treaty gives its members the authority to develop nuclear energy and constricts it to peaceful purposes. On the other hand, the United States differs and questions the intent of nuclear energy in Iran. The United States insists that Iran do not need nuclear energy and are concealing the development of nuclear weapons. United States has asserted their position by adding that Iran has sufficient gas and oil reserves and that they would have to incur numerous costs if they were to use nuclear energy as opposed to petroleum. In 2003, the United States government under George W Bush started their firm positions that America and its allies would not support the development of nuclear weapons by Iran. The American government 11 years later still holds the same stand. This paper discusses the nuclear weapons on Iran and its negotiations with America. The Iranian Nuclear HistoryThe development of nuclear energy in Iran is believed to date back to the 1970s. According to International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] (2009), Iran started its nuclear re search projects and education in their universities as early as 1970. The research had been centered on reactors supplied by the United States that had been in operation since 1967 and started with 5 Megawatts. In mid-1970s, Iran launched programs on nuclear energy. In 1974 was a scientist by the name Shah had a breakthrough producing 23,000 Megawatts of power in form of electricity through the use of nuclear power stations, a process that took twenty years to set the nuclear goals in track for the country. Iran decided to commercialize their efforts and was able to seal deals with the then West Germany and France to develop 1,200 and 900 Megawatts reactors respectively. During the same year, the Iranian government is reported to have invested $1 billion on a uranium plant in France that was the property of a Euro Pen Consortium, Eurodif (Khan, 2010). The war between Iraq and Iran that occurred in 1979 stopped the nuclear research projects. The resources of the Iranians had been d epleted due to the war and their nuclear infrastructure had been destroyed by several bombings to the power reactor plants. President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani revived the nuclear projects in Iran during the late 1980s. Iran had recovered from its war with Iraq by 1990 and was able to revive their nuclear projects and secure the support of countries such as Russia, Pakistan and China. Despite signing deals with these three countries, some of the procured materials were never delivered due to mounting pressure from the United States. Russia and China continued to sponsor and support the Iranian projects in acquiring uranium enriched technology from a Pakistani scientist, Khan, in the black market (IAEA, 2009). This ensured that Iran would make significant progress by the 21st century.In the year 2003, it became clearly evident that Iran was involved in nuclear projects, and had already mastered the technology required for enriching uranium. Due to the violations made with the Internat ional Atomic Energy Agency, they were required to disclose information on their projects and it was published alongside with the agency's report on their investigation. In September of the same year, the agency discovered thatIran had already produced a radioisotope known as polonium 20 which has 138 days half-life. Iran defended their action by asserting that their experiment was on the study of sources of neurons although they unable to provide documented evidence on the research project (IAEA, 2009). It was further speculated that Russia had provided Iran with deuterium gas as they are unable to produce the gas domestically. Iran and Russia are believed to have entered into an agreement that allowed Iranian middlemen negotiate the sale of this gas with Russian companies. The significance of these compounds is that they are able to provide isotopes of hydrogen that fuse in thermonuclear explosions to produce both energy and neutrons (Nazemroaya, 2012).The intentions of Iran have l ed to a number of suspicions in feeding the need to acquire knowledge on nuclear energy and weapons. In addition, the suspicions are furthered by the failure of Iran to cooperate with the atomic agency. In 2008, the agency tabled a report that gave damaging evidence that Iran had engaged in nuclear weapons related activities. The Iran government has rejected the documentation terming it as fake and has declined to assist the agency in carrying out the investigations that followed the report. The Iranian government prevented the agency from questioning the former leader at the research center for physics. They have alleged that he is a military official and is directly in charge of the nuclear efforts made by Iran. The report also showed the existence of an Iranian company that deals with conversion of uranium and contacts with designers of missile reentry inner cores. The inner core designs are for devices that would accommodate nuclear warheads, although they did not have clear ev idence to support this allegation. The culmination of these issues led to a lot of mistrust between the American and the Iranian government since 2002 (Sherrill, 2012).Sanctions on Iran Iran is not new to sanctions being employed on them by the international community, especially America and its allies. The history of sanctions on Iran is dated dates back in 1979, immediately after the revolution. America sanctioned imports of crude oil from Iran into their country. Later, the sanction mutated to include all Iranians products as well as the 1980s embargo of exports from United States of America. During the Clinton administration in the 1990s, America enacted the Libya Iran sanctions so as the US could not make any investments in Iranian energy. The implications of this particular sanction were that any country that decided to trade with Iran would only pay Iran in their currency and not through the US dollar. Sanctions have disastrous effects on the economy of the affected countrie s and Iran has suffered a great deal over the last couple of decades due to the sanctions imposed on their economy (Sherrill, 2012). In addition, the sanctions have restricted Iran from trading directly at the world markets that often use the United States dollar. The sanctions ensure that the country does not have any supply of the dollar and they are at crippling the economy of a country. The sanctions are as a form of punishment to the country and countries served with them have to change their behavior in order to survive. Iran has been defiant and refuses to change its direction, perception and response to the nuclear weapons (Abdo, 2014).As a result, the sanctions have affected the Iranian economy and the former president Mohammed Ahmadi Nejad, at one particular time termed the sanctions as absurd behavior." Despite this, the government has not changed their stand on nuclear weapons. The economy of the country has been the worst hit by the sanctions that were placed more than 2-3 decades ago. The Iranian economy faces major challenges as it continues to deteriorate. The main challenges which have been in existence for a good number of years have been escalating including unemployment, inflation, depreciation of the currency and abolition of subsidies schemes.Unemployment is a major issue affecting the Iranian people. Since there is no development, there are no jobs. As the population continues to mature, they find that they do not have jobs because no new jobs are availed. The situation becomes worse when the elders and the youth are both competing for the same jobs. Due to their lack of expertise and experience, the youth end up being locked out and are when the employees become old, senile and redundant.Secondly, the currency has faced a major blow due to inflation. The inflation rate continues to rise by over 15 percent annually. Since the currency is not stable, the eco...

Reflecting Back on 1970s Womens Colleges

On the importance of attending a womens college, 40 years ago, by an alumna: At a certain age, its appropriate to stop thinking of boys as playmates and start relating to them as potential boyfriends and husbands. Its easier to make the transition if youre not in each others hair all the time. In a four-part blog post series, Mama PhD reminisces about her experience at a mostly womens college in the 1970s. She reflects on the pros and cons of studying in an all-female environment at that time. The Advantages Safety Walking around a dorm where there are no men and around a campus where there are few men reduces fear of rape, violence, and sexual harassment. A relaxed attitude towards appearance and debate In an all-female environment, theres little concern for spending an excess of time on primping and preening. Roll out of bed, brush your teeth (if you have time), and run to class. Likewise, women in such an environment are more likely to speak their minds and not worry about men dismissing their ideas or about heated debates turning violent. Respect as women and for past women Mama PhD notes that the male and female professors in a womens college tend to be more respectful of womens contributions to the larger world. She explains how many years later she realized that graduates from co-ed institutions gave less credence to the value great women authors like Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, and Virginia Woolf. The opportunity to take on traditionally male roles At a co-ed college in the 70s, women were expected to take care of costume design while the men got down and dirty with set construction. At a womens college that same decade, however, women naturally did what was necessary for the stage, regardless of whether that job was a male or female task. Encouragement, growth, and self-expression In a place bursting with strong, independent women who are all bolstering each others goals and ambitions, the feeling of sorority and personal assurance can blossom. No deferring to men and no insecurity due to having strictly female ideas. Mama PhD writes, [T]hose of us who had believed, consciously or not, that men were smarter, more capable, and/or more interesting than women were forced to reexamine those beliefs and, in the end, trash them. The Disadvantages Prestige In the 1970s womens colleges did not receive the same acclaim (not to mention funding) as their brother schools. Harassment Mama PhD puts it best, To a certain type of male, womens college is synonymous with hunting ground. These men imagine that women who choose to attend such an institution are desperate for male attention. She notes that date rape was not uncommon, and that men simply didnt understand how women could enjoy the lack of male presence. Female disregard for men Mama PhD describes the value that arose from strong female friendships made at her mostly female college, but admits that in those bonds, a disregard for men became apparent. Men became marginalized, the other, good for dates and sex if you happened to be heterosexual, but not necessarily people with whom to relate honestly and with trust. There was so much appreciation and passion that went into forming strong friendships with other women, that the importance of value of men in a womans life (of which there should also be much) was decidedly absent. Lasting Effects of the Womens College Experience The social, romantic, and educational goings-on that take place during the four formative college years have a lasting effect on ones future. In her final post on the subject, Mama PhD discusses the lasting advantages and drawbacks from her womens college experience that shaped her future. Among the advantages are the value of female friendships and the value placed on women in the workplace. These are obvious; spend four years in an intense, growth-oriented, learning environment, and youre bound to come out with eternal friendships and an undying respect for the endeavors and aspirations of your cohorts. On the negative side, Mama PhD admits that the experience marked her for a future of weird relationships with men. Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best